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                                     - 3 -


                             _ 1

                 _,  
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                          1.1
                             
                             
                            .

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                                     - 4 -

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      . [ 2 ]

                          1.2
                             
                              
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                                     - 5 -

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                             _ II

                          _ 
                          _  
                          _ 

                          2.1
                            "".

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                                     - 6 -

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                        _  

      ڗ   ڗ   ڗ
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                          2.2
                           p  p
                           pp p.

              -
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       Es una pluma, Pedro es un escolar,    -
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                                     - 7 -

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                                     - 8 -

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                             _ III

                 _  
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                          3.1
                             
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                                     - 11 -

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                          3.4
                               

                                     - 12 -

                              .

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                                     - 14 -


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                             _ IV

                   _  
                   _    8 .
                    _/ Happy English,  II/.

      : "Environment protection".
     : "Rubbish Problems".

      :

     1.       .
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                                     - 15 -

     3.       .

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             /rubbish
     problems/.        
      ,      paper, metal,
     glass, plastic.

            rubbish:

      "The rubbish problem is very  important.  Every  day  you  take  your
     rubbish out. Do you? Does your mum ask you to take it out, or  do  you
     do it yourself, Sasha? And you, Lena? When do you do it? How often  do
     you take the rubbish out? Does your brother do it? Whose duty is it to
     take the rubbish out? What kind of  rubbish  do  you  take  out?  What
     happens to that rubbish then? People recycled it".


                                     - 16 -

              , 
      .   rubbish  recycle  
      .        
          ,   
     .

          rubbish problem -
     ,      /pollution/.

       ,        ,
           
       .

            ,  
     .    ,     -
     .

                           Our planet is in danger.

      Save our planet, before it's too late! Humans have been living on this
     planet for two million years, and in the last two hundred years humans
     have made a  mess  of  the  planet:  chopped  trees,  killed  animals,
     polluted air, land, water, etc. Because of that we now have a  lot  of
     problems. I'll name just a few of them:
      1) the greenhouse effect;
      2) killing forests and animals;
      3) water, air and land pollution;
      4) rubbish problems;
      5) nuclear power, etc.
     It's easy for us to see what we are doing to the air we breathe, water
     we drink, garbage we throw out! What about the habitat we  don't  see?
     E.g., rainforests, deserts, grasslands, oceans,  etc.?  We  don't  see
     them, they are far away from us. What does it have to do with  us?  It
     is  difficult  to  understand,  but  everything  on  the  planet    is
     interconnected and when something goes  wrong  in  some  part  in  the
     world, everybody loses.
      The Earth has been getting hotter because we are producing  too  many
     greenhouse gases. These gases hold heat. Trees and plants help to take

                                     - 17 -

     gases, such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,  but  we  have  now
     destroyed too many trees. There aren't enough trees and plants  to  do
     this job. We make carbon dioxide when we burn wood or drive cars. CFCs
     (other dangerous gases) are in refrigerators and spray cans. They  are
     known for the damage they are doing to the ozone layer.
      Polluting gases fall as acid rains. Large forests and a lot of  lakes
     have been ruined already. Smoking chimneys and car eshaust  pipes  are
     pumping tons of rubbish into the air all the time, and we  breathe  it
     in. The air in Yaroslavl is very much polluted. People feel it without
     any tests. Doctors say that only 2-3 per cent of  healthy  babies  are
     born in Yaroslavl. The water is very much polluted too. People  cannot
     bathe in the Volga river, and in 1990 we were told not to bathe in the
     Kotorosl either.

              -
          .    -
         .     -
     .

            :  refrigerator,
     iron, cassette recorder, record player, hair dryer, desk lamp,  vacuum
     cleaner.

       :

     - You've left lights on, dear!
     - Who cares?
     - I do!
     - It's wasting energy! At school I'm taught it's expensive.
     - Oh, I'm sorry! I'll never do it again.
     - I hope so.

            -
         .     :
          ,  ,
      .

            :

                                     - 18 -


     "A stimulation game is a problem-solving game. Our  problem  today  is
     construction of a garage very near our park. The drivers of  the  city
     decided to build a garage. They cannot find a better  place  than  our
     park. The angry citizens who live nearby are demanding a meeting  with
     the Mayor of the city. Let us take part in the meeting. Let's  form  a
     few groups. Who wants to speak for the Mayor? For the drivers? For the
     citizens? For the children?".
      Be ready to make your speeches in three minutes.

     ,  3       
          ,      
     ,     .

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     ,      .

                                  _۠.:

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                                     - 19 -

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                                     - 20 -

             (  ,  )  
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      .



                               * * * * * * *


